diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bytes.py b/Lib/test/test_bytes.py
index 720b38cb508cbe6..1b9918c6c8f473c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bytes.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bytes.py
@@ -1828,6 +1828,30 @@ def test_setslice_trap(self):
         b[8:] = b
         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(list(range(8)) + list(range(256))))
 
+    def test_setslice_reentrant_resize(self):
+        # gh-153578: a buffer argument whose __buffer__ resizes the bytearray
+        # while the buffer is being acquired must not leave the slice bounds
+        # with lo > hi, which drove a negative-size memmove (an out-of-bounds
+        # write) in the setslice path reached through extend().
+        class Evil:
+            def __init__(self, resize):
+                self.resize = resize
+            def __buffer__(self, flags):
+                self.resize()
+                return memoryview(b'ABCDEFGH')
+        # clear() during __buffer__: extend appends to the emptied bytearray.
+        b = bytearray(b'x' * 100)
+        b.extend(Evil(b.clear))
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'ABCDEFGH')
+        # partial shrink during __buffer__.
+        b = bytearray(b'x' * 100)
+        b.extend(Evil(lambda: b.__delitem__(slice(30, None))))
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'x' * 30 + b'ABCDEFGH')
+        # grow during __buffer__: the data lands at the original end.
+        b = bytearray(b'x' * 10)
+        b.extend(Evil(lambda: b.extend(b'y' * 100)))
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'x' * 10 + b'ABCDEFGH' + b'y' * 100)
+
     def test_iconcat(self):
         b = bytearray(b"abc")
         b1 = b
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-07-11-15-45-00.gh-issue-153578.Qm4Zt9.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-07-11-15-45-00.gh-issue-153578.Qm4Zt9.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000000..2d5d4058a04ef2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-07-11-15-45-00.gh-issue-153578.Qm4Zt9.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix an out-of-bounds write in :meth:`bytearray.extend` when the bytearray is
+resized while the argument's :meth:`~object.__buffer__` is being acquired, for
+example by another thread. Patch by tonghuaroot.
diff --git a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
index b16fb8751f5f73f..99b395a69ba5c3e 100644
--- a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
+++ b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
@@ -681,8 +681,11 @@ bytearray_setslice(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t lo, Py_ssize_t hi,
         bytes = vbytes.buf;
     }
 
+    // gh-153578: __buffer__() may have resized self; re-clamp both bounds.
     if (lo < 0)
         lo = 0;
+    else if (lo > Py_SIZE(self))
+        lo = Py_SIZE(self);
     if (hi < lo)
         hi = lo;
     if (hi > Py_SIZE(self))